Marinate the chicken: In a medium bowl, whisk together olive oil, Dijon mustard, honey, lemon juice, garlic, paprika, salt, and red pepper flakes. Add the chicken and toss to coat. Let marinate for 30 minutes (or up to 4 hours in the refrigerator).
Make the dressing: In a medium bowl, whisk together Greek yogurt, olive oil, Dijon mustard, stone ground mustard, honey, apple cider vinegar, lemon juice, garlic, salt, and pepper until smooth. Refrigerate until ready to use.
Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain, rinse with cold water, and set aside to cool.
Grill the chicken and corn: Preheat a grill or grill pan to medium-high heat and lightly oil the grates. Grill the chicken for 4–5 minutes per side, or until cooked through. Transfer to a plate and let rest, then cut into bite-size pieces. Grill the corn, turning occasionally, until lightly charred on all sides. Let cool slightly, then cut the kernels off the cob.
Assemble the salad: In a large bowl, combine the cooled pasta, grilled chicken, grilled corn, bacon, tomatoes, arugula, cheddar cheese, and red onion.
Dress and serve: Pour the dressing over the salad and toss until well coated. Season with salt and black pepper, to taste. Serve immediately or chill until ready to serve.